Problem Description

Let A be an integral series {A₁, A₂, . . . , A_n}.

The zero-order series of A is A itself.

The first-order series of A is {B₁, B₂, . . . , B_n-1},where B_i = A_i+1 - A_i.

The ith-order series of A is the first-order series of its (i - 1)th-order series (2<=i<=n - 1).

Obviously, the (n - 1)th-order series of A is a single integer. Given A, figure out that integer.

Input

The input consists of several test cases. The first line of input gives the number of test cases T (T<=10).

For each test case:
The first line contains a single integer n(1<=n<=3000), which denotes the length of series A.
The second line consists of n integers, describing A₁, A₂, . . . , A_n. (0<=A_i<=10⁵)

Output

For each test case, output the required integer in a line.

2
3
1 2 3
4
1 5 7 2

0
-5

Author

BUPT