#P3811. Permutation

    ID: 2689 远端评测题 3000ms 32MiB 尝试: 0 已通过: 0 难度: (无) 上传者: 标签>The 6th Central China Invitational Programming Contest and 9th Wuhan University Programming Contest Preliminary

Permutation

Problem Description

In combinatorics a permutation of a set S with N elements is a listing of the elements of S in some order (each element occurring exactly once). There are N! permutations of a set which has N elements. For example, there are six permutations of the set {1,2,3}, namely [1,2,3], [1,3,2], [2,1,3], [2,3,1], [3,1,2], and [3,2,1].
But Bob think that some permutations are more beautiful than others. Bob write some pairs of integers(Ai, Bi) to distinguish beautiful permutations from ordinary ones. A permutation is considered beautiful if and only if for some i the Ai-th element of it is Bi. We want to know how many permutations of set {1, 2, ...., N} are beautiful.

Input

The first line contains an integer T indicating the number of test cases.
There are two integers N and M in the first line of each test case. M lines follow, the i-th line contains two integers Ai and Bi.

Technical Specification
1. 1 <= T <= 50
2. 1 <= N <= 17
3. 1 <= M <= N*N
4. 1 <= Ai, Bi <= N

Output

For each test case, output the case number first. Then output the number of beautiful permutations in a line.

3 3 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 4 3 1 1 1 2 1 3
Case 1: 4 Case 2: 3 Case 3: 18

Author

hanshuai